Socrates-Greek Classical Philosopher-Urdu

Socrates-Greek Classical Philosopher-Urdu

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Socrates (469/470-399 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and he is the father of western philosophy. Plato was his most famous student and would teach Aristotle. Who would then tutor Alexander the Great? By this progression, Greek philosophy, as first developed by Socrates, was spread throughout the known world during Alexander’s conquests.

. Who would then tutor Alexander the Great? By this progression, Greek philosophy, as first developed by Socrates, was spread throughout the known world during Alexander’s conquests.

Life

Socrates was born, as far as we know, in Athens around 469 B.C. Our knowledge of his life is sketchy and derives mainly from three contemporary sources, the dialogues of Plato and Xenophon (c. 431 – 355 B.C.), and the plays of Aristophanes (c. 456 – 386 B.C.). According to Plato, Socrates’ father was Sophroniscus (a sculptor and stonemason) and his mother was Phaenarete (a midwife). His family was respectable in descent but humble in means. He appears to have had no more than an ordinary Greek education (reading, writing, gymnastics and music, and, later, geometry and astronomy) before devoting his time almost completely to intellectual interests.

Socratic Problem

As mentioned earlier, Socrates’ life and work have surrounded by mystery. He did not write any philosophical works or left any writings. The knowledge we have about him both as a historical figure and philosopher is based exclusively on later classical writings. Uncertainty regarding Socrates’ life and work which is known as the Socratic problem is related to the fact that the information we have about him (besides the above-mentioned authors, Socrates also appears in the works by Aristotle and the famous historian Thucydides) are philosophical and dramatic rather than historical texts. This makes it very difficult to create a picture of his life, work, and philosophical thought.

Senate of Athens

It is not clear how Socrates earned a living. Some sources suggest that he continued the profession of stonemasonry from his father. He apparently served for a time as a member of the Senate of Athens, and he served (and reportedly distinguished himself) in the Athenian army during three campaigns at Potidaea, Amphipolis, and Delium. However, most texts seem to indicate that Socrates did not work, devoting himself solely to discussing philosophy in the squares of Athens.

Sophist school

Using a method now known as the Socratic Method (or Socratic dialogue or dialectic), he grew famous for drawing forth knowledge from his students by pursuing a series of questions and examining the implications of their answers. Often he would question people’s unwarranted confidence in the truth of popular opinions, but usually without offering them any clear alternative teaching. Aristophanes portrayed Socrates as running a Sophist school and accepting payment for teaching, but other sources explicitly deny this.