Anaxagoras-Everything in Everything-Urdu

Anaxagoras-Everything in Everything-Urdu

انکساگورس۔ قدیم یونانی فلسفی جس نے پیدائش اور فنا کو جواہر موجودہ کے مجتمع و منتشر ہونے کا نام دیا

Anaxagoras (c. 500 – 428 B.C.) was an early Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Ionia. Although he was one of the first philosophers to move to Athens as a base. Many of his ideas also influenced the later development of Atomism. Many of his ideas in the physical sciences were quite revolutionary in their day, and quite insightful in retrospect.

No Becoming or Passing-Away

What seems to us to be the generation of new or destruction of old entities is not that at all. Rather, objects that appear to us to be born, to grow, and to die, are merely arrangements and re-arrangements. The mechanism for the apparent coming-to-be is mixing and separating out from the mixture. Vortex motion of the mass of ingredients produced. Through that mechanism, the real things, the ingredients, can retain their character throughout.

Everything-in-Everything

It is difficult to determine what Anaxagoras meant by things. It is tempting to view this as a theory of matter. But this had misguided as it tends to apply later Aristotelian categories and interpretations onto Anaxagoras. At times, the term “seeds” has utilized. But it would seem that many scholars today prefer the neutral term “stuffs” to depict this notion. In any case, this rather complex theory is best to understand as Anaxagoras’ attempt.

Lesson of Nutrition

The problem of explaining nutrition and growth as the primary motivation for the Everything-in-Everything principle. It is more likely that Anaxagoras’ adoption of the general metaphysical principle of No-Becoming. Which leads him to claim that everything is in everything (Schofield 1981, Curd 2007). Nutrition and growth, as they are normally understood, are simply particularly clear.

Origins of the Cosmos

The rotation of the mixture begins in a small area and then spreads out through the mass (B12). As the extent of the mixture is unlimited (or infinite, Apeiron), the rotation and expansion will continue forever. The force and speed of the rotation are (according to B9) much faster at the edges. Where the expanding rotation meets the as-yet-unmoved mass of ingredients:
what we perceive of the rotation (probably the motions of the heavens) is much slower than the unobserved rotation. The force is enough to pull apart and rearrange the ingredients:

The Role of Mind

According to Anaxagoras, the agent responsible for the rotation and separation of the primordial mixture is Mind or nous:
“And when Mind began to cause motion, separating off proceeded to occur from all that moved. And all that Mind moved was separated apart, and as things have moved and separated apart. The rotation caused much more separating apart to occur” (fr. 13). Something that prior cosmogonies did not provide. But how is this explanation to understand? In this instance, it is tempting to assign a rather deistic function to Mind.